空氣填充術(Pneumatic Retinopexy)之後
視網膜下積水之轉移及延緩吸收-2病例報告
張朝凱 吳文權 鍾欽彬 陳南元
SHIFT AND DELAYED ABSORPTION OF SUBRETINAL
FLUID AFTER PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY
-TWO CASES REPORT-
Chao-kai Chang, M.D. Wen-Cheng Wu, M.D.
Chin-Pin Chung, M.D. Nan-Yuan Chen, M.D.
Reprinted from
Transaction of Ophthalmological Society of the Republic of China
Vol. 30, pp. 662~666 1991
中華民國眼科醫學會會刊第三十卷第 662~666 頁抽印本
中華民國80年12月發行
空氣填充術(Pneumatic Retinopexy)
之後視網膜下積水之轉移及延緩吸收-2病例報告
張朝凱* 吳文權 鍾欽彬 陳南元
本篇論文報告兩個裂孔性視網膜剝離之病例,在經由空氣填充術(Pneumatic Retinopexy)之後,產生了視網膜下積水之轉移,且轉移的區域逐漸擴大,久久未能吸收,並均已侵犯到黃斑部而影響視力。病例一經由鞏膜扣壓手術(Scleral buckling)之後病情獲得改善;病例二則失去追蹤。由於這種後遺症較少報告,故提出來報告。
Key words: Pneumatic Retinopexy.
前言
踓然對於視網膜剝離的病人,鞏膜扣壓手術仍然為主流,然而空氣填充術(Pneumatic Retinopexy)由於手術過程較為簡便,手術費用較為經濟,因此仍為某些眼科醫師所採用。然而,經由Pneumatic Retimopexy所造成的後遺症亦有諸多報導(1~4)。1998年Chan等學者提出一種新的後遺症即視網膜下積水之延緩吸收(delayed subretinal fluid absorption)簡稱D.S.R.F.A,而本院在過去一年間曾經發現兩個類似的病例特別提出來報告。
病例報告
病例一
病人為68歲的男性,於民國78年12月入院,其主訴為三天來右眼視力逐漸模糊,入院檢查右眼力祇剩下ND/60cm,眼底在顳側上半部發現有小裂孔合併視網膜剝離。我們為病人做經結膜冷凍治療(transconjunctival cryotherapy)後,灌入SF6 0.8c.c.,並要病人作正確的俯臥。兩天後之眼底檢查,經由灌入的氣體可見視網膜上半側已附著(圖一),但後視綱網膜下積水卻轉移到顳側(圖二)。一個星期後,後視網膜下積水已轉移到下半側,且剝離的程度逐漸加大,終於導致全視網膜剝離(total retinal detavhment)且合併眼壓過低(圖三)。兩個星期後,我們為病人做鞏膜扣壓手術,並灌入空氣填壓,術後情況良好(圖四),半年後追蹤檢查,右眼視力已矯正到0.2,鞏膜扣壓的效果顯著,視網膜也附著良好(圖五)。
病例二
病人為70歲的女性,於民國78年12月入院,入院檢查右眼視力僅存光感,水晶體有白內障病變,眼底在顳側上半部有小裂孔,且合併視網膜剝離。
我們先為病人做水晶體囊外摘除術並植入後房人工水晶體,再為病做經結膜冷凍治療(transconjunctival cryotherapy),及灌入0.7 c.c. SF6,並要病人作正確的俯臥。術後一個星期,雖視網膜上半側仍附著(圖六),但再過一個星,視網膜絡於全部剝離合併眼壓過低(圖八),後來這個病人出院後即失去追蹤。
討論
自從1911年Ohm等學者對視網膜剝離病採用玻璃體內空氣填充的技術以來(5),空氣填充術(Pneumatic Retinopexy)漸為人所採用(6~12)。其中很多學者都有良好的臨床報告,如1987年Hilton G.P.在100例眼睛中所做的結果,有98%在六個月後得到視網膜附著的結果。而在他所報告的後遺症當中,包括新生裂孔
(New Retinal break),增生性玻璃體視網膜病變(Proliferative vitreoretinopathy),玻璃體飄浮物(Vitreous floater)…等(13)。
1988年,Chan等人於空氣填充法提一種新新的後遺症,即後視網膜下積水之延緩吸收(Delayed subretinal fluid absorption)簡稱為D.S.R.F.A,Chan認為這種結果與冷凍治療的過度使用及後視網膜的沈積物(percipatates)最有關係。由機制上來解釋,乃因為冷凍治療的過度使用引起血液/視網膜障礙壁(blood / retina barrier)破壞使色素蛋質(pigment protein)聚集在後視網膜下。
而這種後視網膜所增加之蛋白質或成份會使得滲透效應(osmotic gradient)逆轉,促使積水由脈絡膜微血管叢(choroidcapillaris)流向後視網膜下的空間(subretinal space)而導致再發性視網膜剝離。此外,我們更發現,在Chan所提出的8個後視網膜下積水延緩吸收的例子當中,最後均完全吸收,但是本報告所提出的兩個了病例,最後卻導致再發性視網膜全部剝離。我們認為可能是由於空氣填充術後(Pneumatic Retinopexy),裂孔雖已關閉但未完全癒合,而打進去的氣體破壞了玻璃體的結構(14),加上滲透壓逆轉的效應,使得水化的玻璃體液體(liqufied vitrous fluid)再度打開已關閉之裂孔而灌入後視網膜下空間。換句話說,本報告中之病例,其所轉移的積水除了由脈絡膜來的以,另外一部份則來自於液化的玻璃體。所以我們認為在空氣填充術(Pneumatic Retinopexy)後,如果有視網膜下積水的轉移及延緩吸收之情形,則裂孔有可能再度裂開而造成再發性視網膜剝離之可能性,這也是我們報這兩例的最後結果。
參考文獻
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SHIFT AND DELAYED ABSORPTION OF SUBRETINAL
FLUID AFTER PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY
-TWO CASES REPORT-
Chao-kai Chang, M.D. Wen-Cheng Wu, M.D.
Chin-Pin Chung, M.D. Nan-Yuan Chen, M.D.
*Department of Ophthalmology
Kaohsiung Municipal Women and
Children General Hospital,
Kaohsiung Taiwan, R.O.C.
Department of Ophthalmology,
Kaohsiung Medical College,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Two cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detach-ment was presented, which resulted in shift of the subretinal fluid after pneumatic retinopexy. The shift zone gradually increased and the delay-ed absorption also happened to the fluid of -the shift zone. Case 1 finally gained improvement by the way of scleral buckling; Case 2 lost of following. Because these two cases condition w-ere similar to "The phenomenon of delayed subr-etinal fluid absorption (D.S.R.F.A.)after succes-sful pneumatic retinopexy" which chan and his associators had reported in 1988; thus we prese-nted the cases in the occasion.